How the ammonia route works

Our precursor process starts with two inputs — ferrous sulfate and monoammonium phosphate — which react and precipitate iron phosphate. The precipitate is filtered, washed, and dried; calcination is optional.

The liquid left after filtration is neutralized with ammonia, and ammonium sulfate is recovered as a by-product. Instead of treating sulfate waste as a disposal problem, the design turns it into a recovered product stream.

That recovered stream, plus water reuse and a zero-liquid-discharge design intent, is what makes the process circular rather than linear.